如何防止佛手落叶落果?
佛手原产亚洲,我国浙、闽、川、粤、桂等省有广泛的栽培,特别是浙江近年还形成了一系列的特色盆栽佛手产品。它性喜温暖湿润气候,畏寒怕旱,最适生长温度为22~24℃,冬季要求室温不低于5℃才能安全过冬。它在光照充足、通风良好的环境中生长旺盛;要求盆土湿润而又排水良好,忌粘重和含盐碱的盆土,最好是酸|生沙壤;每年开花2~3次,其果实有伏果、秋果之分。盆栽佛手为防止出现落叶落果现象,养护可从光、水、肥、温度管理四个方面人手。
(1)光照:在生长季节要多见阳光,若阳台上或院子里光线欠佳,会影响到开花和结果;盛夏时节,可适当遮荫;中秋后气温较低,生长处于停滞状态时,光照不足对其生长影响不大;冬季即便是长期得不到充足的光照,也不会引起落叶或影响到来年的生长发育。
(2)水分:家庭盆栽,平时保持盆土湿润、半墒为宜,夏季气温高时,每天上、下午各浇水1次,以盆土不见干为度。当气温高而闷热、风大时,于上午9时前与下午4时后,多次向叶面及四周喷水,借以降低环境温度和提高空气湿度,以防干热引起落花落果。梅雨季节要防止盆土内积水,每次暴雨后要及时倒去积蓄于盆中的积水,以免引起植株烂根。
(3)肥料:佛手一年多次开花,需肥较多,开花季节一般每半月施一次稀薄的矾肥水,阴雨天停施,植株现蕾后要暂停施肥,待其幼果长到小指头大小且基本坐稳时再恢复施肥,每7~10天追施1次含磷的淡肥水,连续4~5次。若叶片上出现黄绿色或褐色斑点,是盆土缺钾的表现,会导致叶片早衰或落果,可喷施0.2%的磷酸二氢钾液肥。
(4)温度:在室内越冬时忌时冷时热,否则易引起落叶。立春前后气温开始回升时,要注意开窗通风,防止其过早在室内发芽抽梢;如室温达15℃以上时,可通过向地面洒水、叶面喷水的方法来降温,预防其过早发芽。一般情况下,在江淮以南地区,可于霜降来临前入室,翌春清明前后出房。
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