如何让菊花花繁叶茂?
要让菊花花繁枝茂,须做好换盆、浇水、施肥、摘心、疏蕾和防治病虫害等项工作。
(1)盆土要适宜。扦插苗成活后及时移植上盆。盆土宜选用疏松、肥沃的砂质土壤,随着植株的生长,一般品种需换盆2~3次,才能最后定植。定植时可选用腐叶土6份、沙壤土3份和饼肥渣1份混合配制的培养土。小苗移植时,最好能用湿土栽人盆内,放隐蔽处缓苗后再浇透水,并逐渐移到向阳处养护。
(2)浇水要适当。浇水是否合理是养菊成败的一个关键问题。浇水要求做到适时、适量。要按照菊花从扦插到开花对水分要求不同的特点,确定浇水次数和浇水量。在通常的情况下,春季菊苗较小,浇水宜少,有利菊苗根系发育;夏天植株较大,蒸发也快,浇水要充足,并要向枝叶和地面喷水,以增加空气湿度;秋季北方日夜温差大,正是菊花生育的旺盛期,浇水量需适当增加;冬天幼苗越冬,要严格控制浇水。一年四季浇水都不能过多,以免盆内积水,造成烂根,植株萎黄,甚至死亡。此外浇水时切忌直冲,避免盆泥溅到叶面。
(3)施肥要适时。菊花除需施足基肥,施追肥不可过多或过早,不然就会造成伤根、落叶。但至立秋以后,孕蕾开始到现蕾时止,肥水要充足,一般每周施1次稀薄的蹄片酱渣水。含苞待放时再加施1次过磷酸钙或0.1%磷酸二氢钾溶液,则花朵更加鲜艳。每次施肥后都要及时浇水和松土,以利透气。
施肥前应停止浇水,土稍干后再施肥效果较好。施肥后应及时喷清水,冲去叶片上粘着的肥汁,防止叶片发黄,影响观赏效果。
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