如何让梅花多开花、开好花?
(1)及时修剪整形。梅花开花的特点是在当年生的枝条上形成花芽。要让它多开花,就得及时修剪。方法是:当幼苗长到25~30厘米高时打顶定干,萌芽后留顶端3~5个枝条为主枝,待枝条长到约20厘米时再进行摘心,促使花芽饱满。
以后在每年早春开花后进行重剪,剪掉过密枝、病虫枝等,并将一年生枝条保留基部2~3个芽,剪除其上部枝条。当新生枝条长到4~5片叶子时再进行摘心,只留下2~3片叶子,促使形成更多的花枝。经过反复多次摘心后,即能培养成树型匀称的自然型树冠,显得十分秀丽。
梅花整形通常可采用绑扎做弯的方法,即从幼苗开始,当新枝每长到12~15厘米时做一次弯。每次做弯都要将枝条弯成“s”型或螺旋上升状,并用塑料条绑缚。如此反复进行多次,使之逐渐形成固定。盆栽梅花经过整形,虬枝屈曲,姿态古雅,具有特殊的风格。
(2)合理浇水施肥。梅花虽喜湿润,但也怕涝。春季水大易徒长而使花芽减 呈少,秋季水大易落叶,冬季水大易烂根,因此,浇水要见干见湿。夏季每天需要向花盆周围洒水,以增加空气湿度,有利于生长。约到7月底,当新枝条长到20厘米时,须适当“扣水”,控制新梢生长,促进花芽分化。
伏天浇水是关键,这时水分不足,容易落叶和影响花芽形成。平时要留心观察,若有青叶脱落现象,表示水分过少;若叶片发黄而脱落,则是水分过多。梅花不喜大肥,当新梢长到约5厘米时,可施1次稀薄的液肥,促使枝条生长健壮。放叶时水肥要充足,可每月施1~2次液肥。待枝条长到约20厘米时应节制水肥。秋天落叶前再施1次干肥,为翌年生长发育打下基础。每次施肥后都要及时浇水和松土,保持盆土疏松,以利根系发育。
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