棕榈类盆栽植物的肥水管理
棕榈科植物多产于热带,喜高温、高湿和避风向阳,用于室外摆设观赏或室内装饰。
棕榈科植物要求水分充足,空气湿度大。适于室内装饰用的棕榈科植物种类通常大多产于热带雨林区,而极少有干旱地区品种。盆土存水不宜过多,否则会使盆土酸性过高,可能导致烂根。管理中最好使用砂床供水,即将碎瓦石或其他吸水材料铺在水平台或砂床内,并使之经常保持湿润,将花盆放置在砂上,利用毛管作用从盆底吸水。这样一方面可以使植株获得一个持续的湿润环境,同时也可以避免花盆中水分过多,增强棕榈植物的生长力,经常性的叶面喷水有利于棕榈植物的生长。
棕榈科植物的管理中要定期施用多元复合肥(如氮磷钾复合肥)或特效性化肥(如尿素、磷酸二胺)。持效性,持续3~6个月。施肥过量或过勤都会对棕榈植物产生危害。最佳施肥时间是在植物生长季节,棕榈植物通常在暖季进行旺盛的营养生长,这一时期植物对肥料利用率最大,施肥量要相应增加。
在阴天或微雨天,将棕榈植物移到室外用清水冲洗,可以排除由于连续追肥积累的过量盐分。这一过程中不要忘记对株体进行保护,防止植物株体或其叶片被阳光或强风损害。
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