棕榈植物的换盆方法
盆栽时间较长的花卉,由于盆土皱缩减小,植物根系生长受到影响,需要增加盆土,俗称填土;随着盆栽花卉的成长,需要将小盆更换成大盆,称作换盆。填土或换盆应使用全营养混合培养土。
填土并不是简单地将盆土填满。具体操作过程是:使盆土倒转,将株体带土取出,除去土坨四周部分宿土、老根和枯根;然后在盆底装上一些新的培养土,厚度以株体需要垫起的高度为准;将株体土坨重新放进花盆,并在四周填人新的培养土,稍加压实即可。填土后可以施用一些持效性土壤肥料,并要浇1次水。
换盆时,使用的花盆的尺寸最大为原盆的1~2倍,因为在大的花盆中较幼小的株体并非生长得更快。实际上,只有当植株根系在盆土中完全织结后,株体才开始增长。鉴于此,换盆时间应选在根系在原盆中充分生长以后,即在实际操作中,当发现花盆空隙中出现根系后,才允许进行换盆。
换盆时通常先确定出株体根部土坨应放置的深度,然后据此在新盆底部装填所需要的培养土,将株体土坨放在上面,最后在花盆四周填装培养土并压实。另一种换盆方法是:从株体土坨底部中央开始向四周用双手抓碎土壤并去掉根部土壤,使根系露出,然后栽植于换盆的新培养土中。在某些情况下,尤其是当移栽于周沿矮且宽的花盆中时,这一方法会更实用一些。如果株体土坨不是很大,应在新的培养土表层施用一些持效性肥料。当换盆操作完成后,要浇一次透水。
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