睡莲烂叶病如何防治?
【症状】常见危害立叶,发病初期,睡莲的叶面出现褪绿斑点,周围组织坏死,以后扩大成不规则病斑,淡褐色至深褐色。浮叶上呈暗色至深灰色,具不明显轮纹大斑,散生黑色小点,引起叶缘枯死。发病后期,病斑上散生着许多黑色的小点粒,即病原菌的分生孢子器。
【病原与发病规律】病原为喜温叶点霉,属半知菌亚门、叶点霉属。分生孢子器近球形或扁球形,褐色。病菌以分生孢子器在病落叶上越冬。分生孢子借风雨传播,从伤口人侵或直接入侵。高温高湿利于睡莲发病。5~9月为发病期。10月以后病菌在病残叶上形成分生孢子器越冬,成为翌年初次侵染源。睡莲开花前至开花初发病较轻,开花后期至结实期病害发展迅速。缸栽较池栽荷花病重,小缸栽种的病害较重。高温高湿和多雨季节有利于病害蔓延。睡莲病害发生的早晚和严重程度主要和气温及空气相对湿度有关。
【防治方法】①种植睡莲抗病新品种。②零星发病时,可及时摘除病叶避免扩散危害。③提倡施用酵素菌沤制的堆肥。④发病初期喷洒36%甲基硫菌灵悬浮剂500倍液,或75%达科宁可湿性粉剂1000倍液加50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂1000倍液,或27%高脂膜200倍液加70%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂800~1000倍液,或1:1:100等量式波尔多液,或27%铜高尚悬浮剂600倍液。
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