为什么番红花开花不旺?
番红花,即藏红花,在南方地区无论地栽或盆栽,常发生开花不旺的现象,究其原因主要与其生态习性有关。番红花性喜冷凉、湿润,耐半阴,喜光线,怕酷热,较耐寒,冬季幼苗期能耐-10℃的低温;
忌雨涝积水,喜排水畅通、疏松肥沃、腐殖质丰富的沙质土;生长适温为15~25℃,花期适温15~20℃,夏季休眠;人秋后种植,深秋开花,花期为10~11月,至第二年的4~5月份地上部分枯萎,整个生育期约为210天左右。为使其能多开花、开好花,栽培用地要求地势高燥、阳光充足、疏松肥沃,栽种前应施人沤透的有机肥,种类如饼肥、厩肥、火烧土、草木灰、鸡鸭粪等,还应施人一些过磷酸钙;
种球必须选择个头大而饱满、没有霉烂病斑的健壮大球,栽种的株行距为10厘米×15厘米,栽种深度约为5厘米;从其生根抽叶后.可每隔10天追施一次氮、磷均衡的稀薄液态肥,如沤透的饼肥液中加人适量的磷酸二氢钾,直至花莛抽出、花苞现色时为止。切忌氮肥过多、过浓,否则会造成叶片徒长,影响花芽的生长。
为确保植株能开花多而旺,当发现植株上侧芽太多时,可将部分小芽掰去,以保证主芽能多开花、开大花。在番红花的生长发育过程中,一定要及时排去积水,特别是秋雨绵绵的季节更不能忽视,否则很容易因苗床的积水而致使球茎腐烂,造成不应有的经济损失;若遇秋旱,还应给苗床松土浇水,保持土壤湿润为宜。10月开花后,应再追施1~2次氮、磷、钾均衡的速效肥,以利于球茎的生长发育,使球茎能为来年多开花、开好花贮藏足够的养分。
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